# Revised Pseudo-Code:
#
# Import the code features that allow remote file access
#
# Stage 1 (Outline only)
# ======================
#
# Open the file from Uniprot
# Open a local file for writing in binary
#
# Read the remote file, write it to an identical local file
# Print each line without decoding as it is read
#
# Close both the remote input file and the local output file
#
# Stage 2
# =======
#
# Open the local input file for reading in binary
#
# Print each line as it is read
# Report the type of the first line
#
# Tidily close the local input file
#
# Stage 3
# =======
#
# Open the local input file for reading in binary
#
# Print each line decoded as UTF-8 (the default Character encoding)
# Suppress the EOL that print() would append by default
#
# Close the local input file
#
# Stage 4 (Just for fun, this generates nonsense!)
# ================================================
#
# Open the local input file for reading in binary
#
# Ensure each Line is comprised of an even number of bytes
# (essential for a two byte encoding)
#
# Print each line decoded as UTF-16
#
# Close the local input file
# 
##################################################################

import urllib.request # import the code to access remote files. 


print("\n\n########################################################")
print("#")
print("# Step 1: Read Remote File and print its lines as read (i.e. as Byte Stream)")
print("#         also write lines to a Local File Copy")
print("#")
print("########################################################\n\n")

# Open remote file for reading.
File_URL = 'http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P12931.fasta'
Sequence_file = urllib.request.urlopen(File_URL)

# Open a Local file for writing in binary to receive a copy of the remote file.
Sequence_file_local = open("P12931.fasta","wb")

Line = Sequence_file.readline()     # Read the first line using readline().
print("The first line of the remote input file is of type: ",type(Line),end='\n\n')
                                    # Display the type of the Byte Stream Line.

while Line:                         # While the contents of Line are not empty, 
    Sequence_file_local.write(Line)
                                    # write the current Line to a local file,
    print(Line)                     # print the current Line,
    Line = Sequence_file.readline() # read the next line using readline(),
                                    # go round for more.

Sequence_file.close()       # Close the input  file tidily.
Sequence_file_local.close() # Close the output file tidily.

print("\n\n########################################################")
print("#")
print("# Step 2: Read Local Files and print its lines as read (i.e. as Byte Stream)")
print("#")
print("########################################################\n\n")

# Reopen the Local file for reading in binary.
Sequence_file_local = open("P12931.fasta","rb")

Line = Sequence_file_local.readline() # Read the first line using readline().
print("The first line of the local input file is of type: ",type(Line),end='\n\n')
                                      # Display the type of the Byte Stream Line.

while Line:                         # While the contents of Line are not empty, 
    print(Line)                     # print the current Line,
    Line = Sequence_file_local.readline()
                                    # read the next line using readline(),
                                    # go round for more.

Sequence_file_local.close() # Close the output file tidily.

print("\n\n########################################################")
print("#")
print("# Step 3: Read Local Files and print its lines decoded to UTF-8")
print("#")
print("########################################################\n\n")

# Reopen the Local file for reading in binary.
Sequence_file_local = open("P12931.fasta","rb")

Line = Sequence_file_local.readline() # Read the first line using readline().

while Line:                         # While the contents of Line are not empty, 
    print(Line.decode("utf-8"), end='')
                                    # print the current Line decoded to UTF-8,
    Line = Sequence_file_local.readline()
                                    # read the next line using readline(),
                                    # go round for more.

Sequence_file_local.close() # Close the output file tidily.

print("\n\n########################################################")
print("#")
print("# Step 4: Read Local Files and print its lines decoded to UTF-16")
print("#")
print("########################################################\n\n")

# Reopen the Local file for reading in binary.
Sequence_file_local = open("P12931.fasta","rb")

Line = Sequence_file_local.readline() # Read the first line using readline().

while Line:                         # While the contents of Line are not empty, 
    print((b' ' + Line).decode("utf-16"))
                                    # print the current Line decoded to UTF-16,
                                    # As UTF-16 decodes bytes in pairs,
                                    # ensure the line length is even.
                                    # For this file, the simplest way to
                                    # do that is to prepend a single byte
                                    # (b' ') to every line.
    Line = Sequence_file_local.readline()
                                    # read the next line using readline(),
                                    # go round for more.